一、前言

zaishengxueshejifangmian，yanboshibutongyuluyinpeng，yinweiyanboshiyouzhegengdadeshiyongmianjijigengduodegongnengxuqiu，chuyuzaojiajishiyongmudedekaolv，yanboshidezaishengxueshejizhibiaojishigongfangmianyuluyinpengyouzhemingxiandebutong。 演播室的聲學裝修，不但要有好的設計
，同時對其施工的質量控製也是很重要的。如果在具體實施的環節當中有問題，*houzuochulaidefangjianshengxuexiaoguojiuhuidadazhekou。genjuyanboshideshiyonggongneng
，womentongchangkeyibaqidatifenweixinwenyanboshijizongyiyanboshiliangdalei。zheliangleiyanboshizhijianchuleshiyongmianjidechabiezhiwai，gengweimingxiandequbiezaiyuzongyiyanboshitongchanghuidaikuoshengxitong
，xiangduibijiaochaonao
，benwenyixinwenyanboshideshengxuezhuangxiuweili
，congyingyongdejiaoduduiqijinxingjianyaojieshao。

二
、聲學設計

對於新聞演播室來說，*主zhu要yao的de兩liang個ge聲sheng學xue指zhi標biao為wei混hun響xiang時shi間jian及ji隔ge聲sheng量liang。其qi中zhong對dui混hun響xiang時shi間jian的de控kong製zhi可ke以yi減jian少shao房fang間jian反fan射she聲sheng對dui錄lu音yin效xiao果guo的de影ying響xiang

，提ti高gao語yu言yan清qing晰xi度du，故gu以yi語yu言yan為wei主zhu的de新xin聞wen演yan播bo室shi通tong常chang會hui選xuan用yong較jiao低di的de混hun響xiang時shi間jian

，一yi般ban在zai0.5S（500Hz）左zuo右you。而er對dui房fang間jian隔ge聲sheng量liang的de控kong製zhi，可ke以yi較jiao好hao的de減jian少shao演yan播bo室shi外wai部bu環huan境jing噪zao聲sheng對dui錄lu音yin效xiao果guo的de影ying響xiang，它ta與yu隔ge聲sheng物wu體ti的de質zhi量liang密mi度du有you關guan，特te別bie要yao注zhu意yi門men窗chuang的de隔ge聲sheng設she計ji。對dui於yu房fang間jian吸xi聲sheng來lai說shuo，由you於yu高gao頻pin和he低di頻pin波bo長chang相xiang差cha巨ju大da，所suo以yi通tong常chang會hui選xuan用yong多duo孔kong吸xi聲sheng及ji結jie構gou吸xi聲sheng兩liang種zhong材cai料liao對dui其qi進jin行xing分fen別bie處chu理li。

為了防止牆麵微小孔隙對隔聲量的影響，通常會在原牆體外增加20mm後的水泥砂漿扇灰，然後留100mm的de空kong腔qiang以yi增zeng加jia對dui聲sheng音yin低di頻pin部bu分fen的de吸xi收shou。通tong過guo把ba玻bo璃li絲si棉mian固gu定ding在zai橫heng撐cheng龍long骨gu上shang，來lai控kong製zhi混hun響xiang時shi間jian的de高gao頻pin部bu分fen。它ta分fen為wei隔ge聲sheng層ceng及ji吸xi音yin層ceng兩liang層ceng

，上shang層ceng通tong過guo輕qing鋼gang龍long骨gu及ji次ci龍long骨gu把ba隔ge聲sheng層ceng固gu定ding。隔ge聲sheng層ceng是shi由you超chao細xi玻bo璃li棉mian及ji錯cuo縫feng拚pin接jie的de雙shuang層ceng石shi膏gao板ban構gou成cheng，以yi隔ge絕jue天tian花hua以yi上shang及ji空kong調tiao的de噪zao聲sheng。它ta的de下xia層ceng100mm位置，通過噴塑鋼絲網固定50mm厚的玻璃絲棉起到對混響時間控製的作用。由於通常對演播室防火安全要求為A級
，故選用玻璃吸聲棉以及難燃的玻璃纖維布

，作為主要的吸聲材料。

geshenghefangjiandejianzhujiegouyouzhehendadeguanxi，congyikaishideqiangticailiaodexuanzejiuzhijiejuedinglefangjiandegeshengliang。suirankeyitongguozaineibuqiangtizengjiageshengjiegoudefangfalaigaishangeshengliangwenti
，danshiwulunconggongchengliang、造價到*終zhong的de改gai善shan效xiao果guo來lai說shuo，都dou不bu如ru事shi先xian選xuan用yong合he適shi的de牆qiang體ti材cai料liao更geng為wei有you效xiao。由you於yu目mu前qian環huan保bao的de要yao求qiu
，通tong常chang選xuan擇ze灰hui渣zha磚zhuan作zuo為wei演yan播bo室shi的de牆qiang體ti材cai料liao，而er非fei普pu通tong建jian築zhu所suo使shi用yong的de空kong心xin磚zhuan。在zai隔ge聲sheng量liang設she計ji的de過guo程cheng中zhong，我wo們men可ke以yi通tong過guo查zha表biao獲huo得de不bu同tong厚hou度du磚zhuan牆qiang的de隔ge聲sheng量liang信xin息xi，從cong而er作zuo為wei演yan播bo室shi隔ge聲sheng量liang指zhi標biao一yi個ge重zhong要yao的de參can考kao信xin息xi。

三、質量控製

**的聲學設計隻有在良好的質量控製下，才能實現*佳的聲學效果。通常的聲學裝修的過程當中，由於要與空調
、消防、動力等各個工種協調配合，所以堅決的執行力和協調能力，在演播室聲學裝修的過程當中也是相當重要的，具體表現在以下方麵：

1.牆麵消防箱對演播室隔聲量的影響

通(tong)過(guo)上(shang)麵(mian)對(dui)房(fang)間(jian)隔(ge)聲(sheng)量(liang)的(de)分(fen)析(xi)，可(ke)以(yi)知(zhi)道(dao)牆(qiang)麵(mian)的(de)厚(hou)度(du)對(dui)隔(ge)聲(sheng)量(liang)有(you)著(zhe)較(jiao)為(wei)直(zhi)接(jie)的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)，故(gu)在(zai)房(fang)間(jian)設(she)計(ji)的(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)，要(yao)盡(jin)量(liang)減(jian)少(shao)在(zai)演(yan)播(bo)室(shi)的(de)外(wai)牆(qiang)嵌(qian)入(ru)消(xiao)防(fang)箱(xiang)的(de)做(zuo)法(fa)。消(xiao)防(fang)箱(xiang)厚(hou)度(du)接(jie)近(jin)牆(qiang)麵(mian)厚(hou)度(du)的(de)一(yi)半(ban)，也(ye)就(jiu)是(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)部(bu)分(fen)的(de)牆(qiang)麵(mian)隔(ge)聲(sheng)量(liang)會(hui)有(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)降(jiang)低(di)，從(cong)而(er)降(jiang)低(di)房(fang)間(jian)整(zheng)體(ti)的(de)隔(ge)聲(sheng)量(liang)。在(zai)這(zhe)種(zhong)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)，就(jiu)需(xu)要(yao)與(yu)消(xiao)防(fang)公(gong)司(si)進(jin)行(xing)充(chong)分(fen)的(de)溝(gou)通(tong)
，在(zai)不(bu)影(ying)響(xiang)消(xiao)防(fang)安(an)全(quan)的(de)前(qian)提(ti)下(xia)

，修(xiu)改(gai)消(xiao)防(fang)箱(xiang)的(de)位(wei)置(zhi)或(huo)者(zhe)改(gai)嵌(qian)入(ru)為(wei)外(wai)裝(zhuang)，從(cong)*大程度上減少對牆體的損害。

2.演播室內部排水管對房間隔聲係統的影響

雖sui然ran不bu是shi每mei間jian演yan播bo室shi都dou會hui有you排pai水shui管guan，但dan是shi當dang我wo們men在zai現xian場chang勘kan查zha的de過guo程cheng中zhong，發fa現xian了le這zhe種zhong情qing況kuang，一yi定ding要yao及ji早zao的de向xiang設she計ji方fang提ti出chu質zhi疑yi
，並bing協xie調tiao更geng改gai管guan線xian的de走zou向xiang。為wei演yan播bo室shi房fang內nei部bu穿chuan過guo的de排pai水shui管guan，它ta不bu但dan給gei演yan播bo室shi帶dai來lai了le不bu必bi要yao的de噪zao聲sheng，同tong時shi也ye有you漏lou水shui損sun害hai設she備bei及ji人ren員yuan的de安an全quan隱yin患huan，對dui於yu此ci類lei的de問wen題ti需xu要yao有you較jiao強qiang的de協xie調tiao能neng力li及ji原yuan則ze性xing。

3.動力管線對房間隔聲的影響

每mei一yi間jian演yan播bo室shi都dou需xu要yao用yong電dian，所suo以yi動dong力li電dian源yuan線xian穿chuan入ru演yan播bo室shi，是shi不bu可ke避bi免mian的de一yi件jian事shi情qing
，但dan是shi如ru何he走zou線xian通tong過guo什shen麼me方fang式shi進jin行xing連lian接jie
，都dou直zhi接jie會hui影ying響xiang到dao房fang間jian的de隔ge聲sheng量liang。如ru果guo在zai演yan播bo室shi用yong電dian量liang不bu是shi很hen大da的de情qing況kuang下xia，我wo們men可ke以yi選xuan擇ze穿chuan管guan的de方fang式shi
，經jing地di麵mian下xia方fang進jin入ru演yan播bo室shi，從cong而er減jian少shao房fang間jian牆qiang麵mian穿chuan孔kong對dui其qi造zao成cheng的de隔ge聲sheng影ying響xiang，同tong時shi管guan道dao在zai穿chuan過guo牆qiang麵mian時shi需xu要yao進jin行xing軟ruan連lian接jie，以yi避bi免mian管guan道dao的de固gu體ti噪zao聲sheng傳chuan入ru房fang間jian內nei部bu。當dang我wo們men需xu要yao使shi用yong線xian槽cao來lai完wan成cheng係xi統tong走zou線xian工gong作zuo的de時shi候hou，通tong常chang需xu要yao把ba線xian槽cao穿chuan入ru牆qiang麵mian的de位wei置zhi選xuan擇ze在zai天tian花hua隔ge聲sheng層ceng以yi上shang，在zai*daxiandushangjiangdixiancaozhijiechuanrufangjiansuoyinqidegeshengliangxiajiangwenti。tongshixiancaozaiqiangmiandekaikongmianjiyaojinliangxiao，rangqineibudabufenkongjianbeixianlantianchongyouxiaodejiangdizaoshengchuanru。

4.空調對房間隔聲的影響

空調係統是破壞演播室牆體結構*大的因素

，為了確保演播室的製冷量
，通常空調管道尺寸較大，故對牆麵的破壞是不可避免的
，空調係統的穿過牆麵的進、huifengkou。zaishengxueshejideguochengzhong，huizaikongtiaoguandaoyixiazuoyicenggeshengceng，laiyouxiaodemibukongtiaoduifangjiangeshengliangdepohuai，weishigaobancuofengpinjiedegeshengcengjiegou。danshiduikongtiaoguandaodefengdu
，yebunenghushi，zhiyoubakongtiaoguandaodewaibiyuqiangmianyanmifengdu，cainengcongyouxiaodejiangdiwaijiezaoshengduiqiyingxiang。youyukongtiaoguandaochicunjiaodaqieneibiguanghua，tongchangduishengyindefansheshifenyouxiao，guzaikongtiaodeanzhuangguochengzhong，chufengkouweizhihuizengjiadaiyouxishengcailiaodexiaoshengzhuangzhi，kongtiaodexiaoshengguandao，tashiyouchuankongjinshubanneitianchongduokongxishengcailiaozhicheng
，duigaopinyoujiaohaodexishengxiaoguo。tongshiyanboshizheleikongtiaodechufengkouweizhi，huibimianshiyongyixiejiaobodefengyecailiaolaibimiantachanshengercizaosheng。